Images
The image in a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front.
Start by drawing a line from the object to the mirror. This line should be at right angles to the mirror. (To make this possible you may have to extend the mirror so that it becomes longer than it really is.) Continue this line beyond the mirror for an equal distance. You have now reached the image. The image is virtual.
Next draw a ray from the object until it hits the actual mirror (rather than the extended version).
Now put your ruler so that it connects the image with the point where the ray hits the mirror. Draw a line along the ruler that is dotted between image and mirror and solid for the next bit, representing the reflected ray.
You will probably have to repeat this for a second ray.
The image of a fish below the surface of a pond is between the surface of the pond and the fish, about a quarter of the way up from the bottom.
Start by marking the image in. The image is virtual.
Draw a ray from the object that passes to one side of the image and strikes the surface.
Out your ruler so that it connects the object to the point where the ray hits the surface. Draw a line that is dotted between the image and the surface, and solid thereafter.
You will probably have to repeat this for a second ray.
If you are given an eye, you must carry these operations out in the reverse order:
Draw the image first
Place a ruler to join the image to the eye
Draw a dotted line from the image to the interface, and continue it as a solid line to the eye.
Repeat for a second ray.